Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase

Prokaryotes have only one RNA Polymerase, while eukaryotes have three (RNA Polymerases I, which transcribes rRNA; II, which transcribes mRNA; and III, which transcribes tRNA). The difference in molecular weight between the prokaryotic polymerase and Pol II in eukaryotes is 100 kDa (400 kDa to 500 kDa).

1. What RNA polymerase do prokaryotes have?
2. Why do prokaryotes only have one RNA polymerase?
3. Which is true of RNA polymerases in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
4. Why do eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases?
5. Do eukaryotic cells have RNA?
6. Do prokaryotes use DNA?
7. What stops transcription in prokaryotes?
8. Is DNA eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
9. What does the RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of in prokaryotes?
10. Is RNA polymerase used in translation?
11. How many RNA polymerases are found in bacteria?
12. What are the major differences between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription?

What RNA polymerase do prokaryotes have?

Prokaryotes utilize one RNA polymerase for all transcription of types of RNA. In contrast, eukaryotes utilize three slightly different RNA polymerases: RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III (8).

Why do prokaryotes only have one RNA polymerase?

Bacterial and Eukaryotic polymerases, besides having similar function, carry much of the same structural motifs and similar binding domains. Bacteria only have a single polymerase to take care of each duty that RNA polymerases have. ... In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, transcription initiates in much the same way.

Which is true of RNA polymerases in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

Question 16 1 pts Which is true of RNA polymerases in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms? They have the same number of cofactors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ... They make copies of RNA from either DNA or RNA templates. There is a single enzyme type per organism.

Why do eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases?

Eukaryotic cells contain three distinct nuclear RNA polymerases that transcribe different classes of genes (Table 6.1). ... RNA polymerase III transcribes the genes for tRNAs and for the smallest species of ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA).

Do eukaryotic cells have RNA?

In eukaryotes, noncoding RNA comes in several varieties, most prominently transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). As previously mentioned, both tRNA and rRNA have long been known to be essential in the translation of mRNA to proteins.

Do prokaryotes use DNA?

Most prokaryotes carry a small amount of genetic material in the form of a single molecule, or chromosome, of circular DNA. The DNA in prokaryotes is contained in a central area of the cell called the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

What stops transcription in prokaryotes?

Transcription termination in prokaryotes can be rho-independent (intrinsic terminators exist in the RNA polymerase) and rho-dependent, i.e., the RNA polymerase requires the cofactor rho for termination of transcription.

Is DNA eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have structures in common. All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA.
...
Prokaryotic Cells.

What does the RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of in prokaryotes?

In prokaryotes, the core RNA polymerase consists of two different large subunits called: βʹ′ and β, and two identical small subunits called α. ... In prokaryotes, holoenzyme consists of the core enzyme plus a protein called: sigma factor.

Is RNA polymerase used in translation?

The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. ... During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink).

How many RNA polymerases are found in bacteria?

Bacteria and archaea only have one RNA polymerase.

What are the major differences between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription?

There is no such structure seen in prokaryotes. Another main difference between the two is that transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the RNA is first transcribed in the nucleus and then translated in the cytoplasm.