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Fractional distillation is the process by which oil refineries separate crude oil into different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower.
- How is crude oil split into fractions?
- What are the fractions of crude oil?
- What is the process of fractional distillation?
- How is petroleum products extracted by fractional distillation?
- What are the 5 main fractions produced from crude oil?
- What must be done to crude oil for it to be separated?
- What are the 3 steps in fractional distillation?
- What crude oil is used for?
- Why is crude oil useless without refining?
- Why is fractional distillation effective?
- What can fractional distillation be used to separate?
- Is fractional distillation chemical or physical?
How is crude oil split into fractions?
Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated to vaporize the different hydrocarbons in a tank which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom. The vapours then rise and the different hydrocarbons condense at their specific boiling points, allowing them to be separated.
What are the fractions of crude oil?
Products from Oil
| Name | Number of Carbon Atoms | Boiling Point (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Petrol | 7 to 9 | 100 to 150 |
| Naphtha | 6 to 11 | 70 to 200 |
| Kerosene (paraffin) | 11 to 18 | 200 to 300 |
| Diesel Oil | 11 to 18 | 200 to 300 |
What is the process of fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate.
How is petroleum products extracted by fractional distillation?
Petrol, Diesel and Kerosene are all products (or fractions) of the process of refining Petroleum. On an industrial scale, the different fractions of Petroleum are separated out by fractional distillation. The Petroleum is heated up, and the gas produced enters the fractionating column.
What are the 5 main fractions produced from crude oil?
Fractions that are separated out include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and bitumen. Fractional distillation allows a lot of useful products to be made from crude oil, with many environmental consequences for the use of those useful products!
What must be done to crude oil for it to be separated?
Separation. Modern separation involves piping crude oil through hot furnaces. The resulting liquids and vapors are discharged into distillation units. ... The lightest fractions, including gasoline and liquefied refinery gases, vaporize and rise to the top of the distillation tower, where they condense back to liquids.
What are the 3 steps in fractional distillation?
Fractional Distillation Process
- Evaporation. Crude oil is heated until it evaporates. Crude oil vapour is put into a fractionating column at the bottom and rises upwards.
- Condensation. The temperature is highest at the bottom of the column. ...
- Collection. The fractions are collected.
What crude oil is used for?
Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. A type of fossil fuel, crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel, and various other forms of petrochemicals.
Why is crude oil useless without refining?
The answer is no, because each crude oil is very different and made up of a large number of hydrocarbon. ... Crude oil is a highly variable mixture of heavy and light hydrocarbons that need to be separated in a refinery to turn them into usable products.
Why is fractional distillation effective?
Fractional distillation leads to a better separation than simple distillation because the glass beads in the fractionating column provide "theoretical plates" on which the vapors can condense and then re-evaporate, and re-condense, essentially distilling the compound many times over.
What can fractional distillation be used to separate?
Fractional distillation is a process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated into different parts (called fractions) according to their different boiling points. Fractional distillation is used to purify chemicals and to separate mixtures to obtain their components.
Is fractional distillation chemical or physical?
Fractional distillation involves 2 main stages and both are physical state changes. It can only work with liquids with different boiling points but the boiling points can be quite close together.
