Difference Between Rho Dependent and Rho Independent Termination

The key difference between Rho dependent and Rho independent termination is that in Rho dependent termination, Rho factor binds with the transcript and terminates transcription by breaking hydrogen bonds between the template and the transcript, while Rho independent termination terminates the transcription by producing ...

1. What is the difference between Rho-dependent and independent termination?
2. How does rho independent termination work?
3. What is required for a rho-dependent termination?
4. What is factor dependent and intrinsic termination method?
5. Do eukaryotes use rho dependent termination?
6. What are the 5 steps of transcription?
7. Which is responsible for termination of transcription?
8. What will happen if the double stranded RNA is produced during transcription?
9. What is the termination site?
10. Does rho dependent termination require ATP?
11. Can be terminated by Rho helicase?
12. What is Sigma and Rho factor?

What is the difference between Rho-dependent and independent termination?

Rho-dependent termination is controlled by the rho protein, which tracks along behind the polymerase on the growing mRNA chain. ... The interaction with rho releases the mRNA from the transcription bubble. Rho-independent termination is controlled by specific sequences in the DNA template strand.

How does rho independent termination work?

Intrinsic, or rho-independent termination, is a process in prokaryotes to signal the end of transcription and release the newly constructed RNA molecule. ... A protein bound to RNA polymerase (nusA) binds to the stem-loop structure tightly enough to cause the polymerase to temporarily stall.

What is required for a rho-dependent termination?

Rho-dependent termination requires both cis-acting elements, on the mRNA, and trans-acting factors. The only cis-acting element common to Rho-dependent terminators is richness in rC residues. Additional sequence elements have been observed at different Rho termination sites.

What is factor dependent and intrinsic termination method?

A ρ factor (Rho factor) is a prokaryotic protein involved in the termination of transcription. ... Rho functions as an ancillary factor for RNA polymerase. There are two types of transcriptional termination in prokaryotes, rho-dependent termination and intrinsic termination (also called Rho-independent termination).

Do eukaryotes use rho dependent termination?

Eukaryotes contain mRNAs that are monocystronic. Termination in prokaryotes is done by either rho-dependent or rho-independent mechanisms. In eukaryotes transcription is terminated by two elements: a poly(A) signal and a downstream terminator sequence (7).

What are the 5 steps of transcription?

The major steps of transcription are initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination.

Which is responsible for termination of transcription?

RNA polymerase itself plays a role in the two principal mechanisms of transcription termination that occur in E. coli. An additional protein, a transcription-termination factor called Rho, is required in one mechanism but not the other.

What will happen if the double stranded RNA is produced during transcription?

When the clone is transcribed into mRNA, both an antisense and a sense transcript will be produced, and the two strands will come together to form double-stranded RNA. ... (A) Small-interfering RNA and short-hairpin RNA libraries can be transfected into mammalian cells.

What is the termination site?

Termination in bacteria

Rho-dependent termination. The terminator is a region of DNA that includes the sequence that codes for the Rho binding site in the mRNA, as well as the actual transcription stop point (which is a sequence that causes the RNA polymerase to pause so that Rho can catch up to it).

Does rho dependent termination require ATP?

Rho dependent termination is one of two types of termination in prokaryotic transcription, the other being intrinsic (or Rho-independent). ... The Rho protein is an ATP dependent helicase composed of six identical subunits that bind to an exposed region of single-stranded RNA following the open reading frame.

Can be terminated by Rho helicase?

Rho terminates transcription in response to specific DNA signals transcribed into RNA called the rho-dependent terminators. There are two fundamental features of a rho-dependent terminator; a proximal Rho binding site called the 'rut site' (Rho utilization) and a distal sequence comprising the termination zone.

What is Sigma and Rho factor?

A sigma factor is a protein needed for initiation of RNA synthesis. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase to gene promoter. Rho is an ATP-dependent RNA-stimulated helicases that disrupt the nascent RNA-DNA complex.