Difference Between Protonema and Prothallus

Protonema is the first stage in the life cycle of a moss, developing directly from the spore. It consists of creeping, green, branched, and often filamentous structures. Prothallus is the gametophyte of pteridophytes like fern that bears sex organs and produces gametes. It is the gametophyte of pterydophytes like fern.

1. How does a fern Prothallus differ from a moss Protonema in appearance?
2. What is the meaning of Prothallus?
3. Is Protonema haploid or diploid?
4. Is Protonema a Sporophyte or Gametophyte?
5. What do moss and ferns have in common?
6. Under what weather conditions are spores most likely to be released from the sporangium?
7. What is Heterospory give two example?
8. What is Ramenta?
9. What is the meaning of Gemmae?
10. What is Protonema with example?
11. Is Protonema a diploid?
12. Where is Protonema found?

How does a fern Prothallus differ from a moss Protonema in appearance?

How does a fern prothallus differ from a moss protonema in appearance? - It is greatly reduced by comparison and looks like a small heart. It is also a flattened sheet of cells, rather than the initial filamentous growth of mosses.

What is the meaning of Prothallus?

A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well.

Is Protonema haploid or diploid?

haploid and is found in pteridophytes.

Is Protonema a Sporophyte or Gametophyte?

Moss spores germinate to form an alga-like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents the juvenile gametophyte. While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin, buds are induced which grow by three-faced apical cells.

What do moss and ferns have in common?

Although mosses and ferns don't resemble each other visually, they have botanical similarities. Both are plants with primitive origins that produce spores instead of seeds. In moist, shady locations, you may find mosses and ferns cohabiting with one another.

Under what weather conditions are spores most likely to be released from the sporangium?

When it rains, the spores are likely to be released from the sporangium because the sperm need water to swim to the egg to fertilize it. Or when it is windy it can disperse onto a favorable soil to germinate. Wind can spread the spores at long distance.

What is Heterospory give two example?

Heterospory is the phenomenon of formation of two types of spores, i.e., smaller microspore and larger megaspore. ... Examples of heterospory are Selaginella, Salvinia and Marsilea, etc.

What is Ramenta?

ramenta. (Science: botany) thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.

What is the meaning of Gemmae?

A gemma (plural gemmae) is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. This type of asexual reproduction is referred to as fragmentation. It is a means of asexual propagation in plants.

What is Protonema with example?

(i) Protonema – It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. It is a haploid, independent, gametophytic stage in the life cycle of mosses. It is produced from the spores and gives rise to new plants. Examples – Funaria, polytrichum and sphagnum.

Is Protonema a diploid?

The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss (bryophyte) is the gametophyte which consists of two stages. The first stage is the protonema stage, which develops directly from a spore. It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. ... So, the correct answer is 'Haploid and is found in mosses'.

Where is Protonema found?

The protonema, which grows directly from the germinating spore, is in most mosses an extensive, branched system of multicellular filaments that are rich in chlorophyll. This stage initiates the accumulation of hormones that influence the further growth of newly formed cells.