Difference Between Biotransformation and Metabolism

The key difference between biotransformation and metabolism is that biotransformation is a part of metabolism in which the biochemical transformation occurs in a particular drug or compound while metabolism refers to all biochemical reactions taking place in a living organism.

1. Is biotransformation the same as metabolism?
2. What are the 2 phases of metabolism?
3. What is metabolism in pharmacology?
4. Where does biotransformation occur in the body?
5. What is the difference between Phase 1 and Phase 2 metabolism?
6. What are the phases of biotransformation?
7. Where does Phase 2 metabolism occur?
8. What is Glucuronidation metabolism?
9. What is first phase metabolism?
10. What organ is responsible for drug metabolism?
11. What affects metabolism of a drug?
12. Do all drugs undergo first pass metabolism?

Is biotransformation the same as metabolism?

In short, "metabolism of drugs" is a form of biotransformation which happens to drugs in a body, whereas "biotransformation" is a more general term which applies equally well to the actions of a disembodied enzyme digesting an oil slick.

What are the 2 phases of metabolism?

Metabolism is often divided into two phases of biochemical reaction - phase 1 and phase 2.

What is metabolism in pharmacology?

Drug metabolism is the term used to describe the biotransformation of pharmaceutical substances in the body so that they can be eliminated more easily. The majority of metabolic processes that involve drugs occur in the liver, as the enzymes that facilitate the reactions are concentrated there.

Where does biotransformation occur in the body?

The liver is the primary biotransforming organ due to its large size and high concentration of biotransforming enzymes . The kidneys and lungs are next with 10-30% of the liver's capacity. A low capacity exists in the skin, intestines, testes, and placenta.

What is the difference between Phase 1 and Phase 2 metabolism?

Phase I reactions of drug metabolism involve oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis of the parent drug, resulting in its conversion to a more polar molecule. Phase II reactions involve conjugation by coupling the drug or its metabolites to another molecule, such as glucuronidation, acylation, sulfate, or glicine.

What are the phases of biotransformation?

Biotransformation Reaction Phases

Where does Phase 2 metabolism occur?

Phase II metabolism involves the introduction of a hydrophilic endogenous species, such as glucuronic acid or sulfate, to the drug molecule. Enzymes involved in phase II reactions are mainly located in the cytosol, except glucuronidation enzyme, which is also a microsomal enzyme.

What is Glucuronidation metabolism?

n. a metabolic process by which drugs or other substances are combined with glucuronic acid to form more water-soluble compounds, which are more readily excreted by the kidneys or in bile. Glucuronidation is the most prevalent of the Phase II reactions of drug metabolism.

What is first phase metabolism?

Phase 1 metabolism involves chemical reactions such as oxidation (most common), reduction and hydrolysis. There are three possible results of phase 1 metabolism. The drug becomes completely inactive. ... One or more of the metabolites are pharmacologically active, but less so than the original drug.

What organ is responsible for drug metabolism?

Most drugs must pass through the liver, which is the primary site for drug metabolism. Once in the liver, enzymes convert prodrugs to active metabolites or convert active drugs to inactive forms. The liver's primary mechanism for metabolizing drugs is via a specific group of cytochrome P-450 enzymes.

What affects metabolism of a drug?

Dose, frequency, route of administration, tissue distribution and protein binding of the drug affect its metabolism. Pathological factors can also influence drug metabolism, including liver, kidney, or heart diseases.

Do all drugs undergo first pass metabolism?

All drugs given by the oral route undergo a degree of first pass metabolism either in the gut or the liver, with some drugs being destroyed before they reach the systemic circulation.