catalytic hydrocracking

1. Which type of catalyst is used in hydrocracking?
2. What is the difference between hydrocracking and catalytic cracking?
3. What does hydrocracking mean?
4. What is the purpose of hydrocracking?
5. What happens during catalytic cracking?
6. What is catalyst Sulfiding?
7. What is required for catalytic cracking?
8. What are the two types of cracking?
9. Why is catalytic cracking preferred over thermal cracking?
10. What is the hydrotreating process?
11. Why are Hydrocrackers so valuable to a refinery?
12. How is Sulphur removed from diesel?

Which type of catalyst is used in hydrocracking?

The performance of hydrocracking units is fundamentally dependent on the zeolite catalyst used to break down the heavier oil molecules.

What is the difference between hydrocracking and catalytic cracking?

The basis of catalytic cracking is carbon rejection, while hydrocracking is a hydrogen addition process. Catalyst cracking uses an acid catalyst, while hydrocracking uses a metal catalyst on acid support. Another differnce is that catalyst cracking is an endothermic process while hydrocracking is an exothermic process.

What does hydrocracking mean?

Hydrocracking is a two-stage process that combines catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. The heavier feedstocks are cracked in the presence of hydrogen to produce more desirable products. The process employs high pressure, high temperature, a catalyst, and hydrogen.

What is the purpose of hydrocracking?

The hydrocracker upgrades low-quality heavy gas oils from the atmospheric or vacuum distillation tower, the fluid catalytic cracker, and the coking units into high-quality, clean-burning jet fuel, diesel, and gasoline.

What happens during catalytic cracking?

Catalytic cracking is an important process in the oil industry where petroleum vapor passes through a low-density bed of catalyst, which causes the heavier fractions to 'crack' producing lighter more valuable products. In the petrochemicals industry they are used for producing polyolefins on a very large scale.

What is catalyst Sulfiding?

Hydrogen sulfide, which serves as the sulfiding medium, reacts sulfur with the surface of the metallic catalyst. Metal in the catalyst gives up oxygen during the process and combines with hydrogen to form water . Sulfur replaces oxygen on the catalyst.

What is required for catalytic cracking?

The catalytic cracking process involves the presence of solid acid catalysts, usually silica-alumina and zeolites. The catalysts promote the formation of carbocations, which undergo processes of rearrangement and scission of C-C bonds.

What are the two types of cracking?

Cracking is primarily of two types – thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. Thermal cracking is further categorised into modern thermal cracking and steam cracking. On the other hand, sub-classifications of catalytic methods of cracking are hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking.

Why is catalytic cracking preferred over thermal cracking?

Catalytic cracking yields a higher quantity of branched-chain, unsaturated, aromatic hydrocarbons as compared to thermal cracking. Catalytic cracking is a better-controlled process than thermal cracking. Petrol obtained by catalytic cracking has lesser sulfur content.

What is the hydrotreating process?

Catalytic hydrotreating is a hydrogenation process used to remove about 90% of contaminants such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and metals from liquid petroleum fractions. ... The process also converts olefins and aromatics to saturated compounds. Hydrotreating for sulfur removal is called hydrodesulfurization.

Why are Hydrocrackers so valuable to a refinery?

In a refinery, the hydrocracker upgrades VGO through cracking while injecting hydrogen. This yields a high volume of high-quality diesel and kerosene product. The hydrocracker is particularly valuable in a refinery that is trying to maximize diesel production and reduce residual fuel oil. ...

How is Sulphur removed from diesel?

Sulfuric acid cleaning is performed by mixing the processed diesel fuel with 90-93% solution of sulfuric acid at ambient temperature. After all chemical reactions are complete, purified oil and acid sludge are obtained. ... Hydrotreating is the most common method for removing sulfur from diesel fuel as of today.