anti markovnikov rule slideshare

1. What is anti Markovnikov rule with example?
2. What is anti Markownikoff's rule?
3. What is the difference between markovnikov and anti markovnikov?
4. How many steps are in the anti markovnikov reaction?
5. What is the other name of anti Markovnikov rule?
6. What is kharasch effect?
7. What is Saytzeff rule give an example?
8. What is peroxide effect and its mechanism?
9. Which peroxide is used in anti-Markovnikov rule?
10. What causes anti markovnikov?
11. Why HBr is used in anti Markovnikov rule?
12. Which reactions are anti markovnikov?

What is anti Markovnikov rule with example?

Some of the examples of Anti-Markovnikov rule are Primary carbon (least substituted), Secondary carbon (medium substituted), and Tertiary carbon (most substituted). Anti-Markovnikov Radical addition of Haloalkane will only happen to HBr, and Hydrogen Peroxide ( H2O2) MUST be there.

What is anti Markownikoff's rule?

Anti-Markovnikov rule describes the regiochemistry where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substitued carbon. This process is quite unusual, as carboncations which are commonly formed during alkene, or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substitued carbon.

What is the difference between markovnikov and anti markovnikov?

The main difference between Markovnikov and Anti Markovnikov rule is that Markovnikov rule indicates that hydrogen atoms in an addition reaction are attached to the carbon atom with more hydrogen substitutes whereas Anti Markovnikov rule indicates that hydrogen atoms are attached to the carbon atom with the least ...

How many steps are in the anti markovnikov reaction?

The free radical reaction mechanism can be classified in 3 short steps - Initiation, Propagation and Termination.

What is the other name of anti Markovnikov rule?

Anti Markovnikov rule works against Markovnikov rule and is called as peroxide effect or Kharasch effect.

What is kharasch effect?

The addition of HBr (but not of HCl or HI) to unsymmetrical alkenes in the presence of peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide takes place contrary to Markovnikov's rule. This effect is known as the Kharasch effect.

What is Saytzeff rule give an example?

According to Saytzeff rule "In dehydrohalogenation reactions, the preferred product is that alkene which has the greater number of alkyl groups attached to the doubly bonded carbon atoms." For example: The dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane yields two products 1-butene and 2-butene.

What is peroxide effect and its mechanism?

Peroxide effect: The change in regioselectivity of the addition of HBr to an alkene or alkyne in the presence of a peroxide. ... In the absence of a peroxide, HBr adds to propene via an ionic mechanism (with a carbocation intermediate) to give 2-bromopropane. Markovnikov's Rule is obeyed.

Which peroxide is used in anti-Markovnikov rule?

Because the HBr adds on the "wrong way around " in the presence of organic peroxides, this is often known as the peroxide effect or anti-Markovnikov addition. In the absence of peroxides, hydrogen bromide adds to propene via an electrophilic addition mechanism. That gives the product predicted by Markovnikov's Rule.

What causes anti markovnikov?

HBr Addition With Radical Yields 1-bromoalkene

As mentioned above, the first carbon is the less substituted carbon since it has fewer bonds attached to carbons and other substituents. ... This presence of the radical or heat leads to the anti-Markovnikov addition since it produces the most stable reaction.

Why HBr is used in anti Markovnikov rule?

Because the HBr adds on the "wrong way around " in the presence of organic peroxides, this is often known as the peroxide effect or anti-Markovnikov addition. In the absence of peroxides, hydrogen bromide adds to propene via an electrophilic addition mechanism. That gives the product predicted by Markovnikov's Rule.

Which reactions are anti markovnikov?

Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Anti-Markovnikov addition. Anti-Markovnikov addition: In an addition reaction of a generic electrophile HX to an alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom of HX becomes bonded to the carbon atom that had the least number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or alkyne.