Summary: 1. 'These' is the plural version of 'this. ... 'Those' is the plural version of 'that'.
When use those or these?
"Those" is when we speak of something in the distance, for an example: "Those books", like they're a few feet away. We use "these" when the books are really close to us, or when we hold the books. Remember to always use "those" and "these" with plural nouns.
How do you use this these that those?
We use this/that/these/those to explain what we are talking about. We sometimes use them with nouns and we sometimes use them on their own. We use this (singular) and these (plural) to talk about things close to us, and that (singular) and those (plural) to talk about things at some distance away from us.
Are those or are these?
Similarly, if you the things are close to the speaker you should use “these,” and if they are away you should use “those.” Notice that the time will also influence the usage of “this” and “that” as a demonstrative pronoun. If something happened in the past, the usage of “that” is more appropriate.