Prokaryotic

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation mechanism

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation mechanism

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic translations are involved in protein synthesis. The key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation is that eukaryotic translation and transcription is an asynchronous process whereas prokaryotic translation and transcription is a synchronous process.

  1. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in transcription and translation?
  2. What do the mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?
  3. What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis?
  4. What is the difference between prokaryotic mRNA and eukaryotic mRNA?
  5. What are 4 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
  6. What are two major differences between transcription in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes?
  7. What are the three steps of translation?
  8. How does translation start in eukaryotes?
  9. What is the first step of translation?
  10. Which is required for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis?
  11. Is protein synthesis faster in prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
  12. What is the difference between ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in transcription and translation?

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place in different cellular compartments: transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus, whereas translation takes place outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, the two processes are closely coupled (Figure 28.15).

What do the mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?

Translation is a universal process occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The fundamental process of translation is same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Members of both groups uses information present in mRNA, which is came from the DNA by transcription, to synthesize proteins with ribosome as the machinery.

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis?

9 Differences Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Protein Synthesis

ProkaryotesEukaryotes (Cytoplasm)
No cap on mRNA5′ end of mRNA is recognized by cap
Start codon is next AUG after ribosome-binding siteNo ribosome-binding site so first AUG in mRNA is used
First amino acid is formyl-MetFirst Met is unmodified

What is the difference between prokaryotic mRNA and eukaryotic mRNA?

The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA is that prokaryotic mRNA is polycistronic, whereas eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic. ... In addition to these, transcription is coupled with translation in prokaryotes while transcription of eukaryotes occurs after the completion of transcription.

What are 4 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. ... Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.

What are two major differences between transcription in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes?

There is no such structure seen in prokaryotes. Another main difference between the two is that transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the RNA is first transcribed in the nucleus and then translated in the cytoplasm.

What are the three steps of translation?

Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

How does translation start in eukaryotes?

Eukaryotic translation initiation: Complex of small ribosomal subnit and initiator tRNA (bearing methionine) binds to 5' cap of mRNA. ... Initiator tRNA binds to start codon. Large ribosomal subunit comes together with the mRNA, initiator tRNA, and small ribosomal subunit to form the initiation complex.

What is the first step of translation?

Translation is generally divided into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination (Figure 7.8). In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes the first step of the initiation stage is the binding of a specific initiator methionyl tRNA and the mRNA to the small ribosomal subunit.

Which is required for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis?

In eukaryotes, protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, protein synthesis begins even before the transcription of mRNA molecule is completed. This is called coupled transcription - translation. ... The exons are joined together and introns are removed during mRNA processing.

Is protein synthesis faster in prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Explanation: Prokaryotic protein synthesis can be fairly fast because one gene can be transcribed and translated simultaneously. Eukaryotic synthesis is slower, but more precious. They can "check" the mRNA before it is translated into protein.

What is the difference between ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

In prokaryotes, ribosomes include three separate rRNA molecules, whereas in eukaryotes ribosomes include four separate rRNA molecules. Ribosomes consist of a large subunit and a small subunit. ... In contrast, prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes reaching 70S, split into 30S and 50S subunits.

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